A. 涓涓闊╁浗鐢靛獎錛屼袱灞傛ゼ銆備竴瀵瑰か濡諱綇涓妤箋備竴涓灝忎紮瀛愪綇浜屾ゼ銆備竴妤煎ぉ鑺辨澘鏈変釜媧炪備簩妤煎彲浠ョ洿鎺ョ湅涓嬪幓銆備簩妤
鐗囧悕鍙錛氱埍鐨勮壊鏀
鍓ф儏錛
1980騫撮煩鍥界殑涓涓鐮磋惤鏉戝簞錛屾枃鏄庤惤鍚庯紝鑲鑴忔販涔憋紝鐢熸椿闄堣厫錛屾瘡涓浜洪兘媧葷殑寰楄繃涓旇繃錛屼竴涓鐢峰╀綇鍦ㄤ竴搴х牬鏃у皬妤肩殑浜屾ゼ錛屾瘡澶╃殑鐢熸椿灝辨槸閫氳繃鍦版澘涓婄殑灝忓瓟鍋風湅妤間笅閭e瑰か濡葷殑鐢熸椿銆傝繖涓鐢峰╋紝灝辨槸鐢蜂富浜哄叕錛屾彁涓涓嬩粬鐨勫栬矊錛屽彂涓濆共鍑鐨勮惤鍦ㄩ濆墠錛岀溂紲炴竻婢堝畨闈欙紝闈㈠瓟闃沖厜鐧藉噣錛岃繖鏄涓騫磋交濂界湅鐨勭敺鐢熴傛垜鍙浠栫敺瀛╋紝鍥犱負浠栬〃鎯呯氬╃毊鑲ゅ共鍑錛屽叾瀹炰粬璺熷コ涓諱漢鍏騫寸邯鐩鎬豢銆傜劧鍚庢槸浠栧伔紿ョ殑閭e瑰か濡匯傝繖鏄涓瀵瑰勾杞誨彜鎬鐨勫か濡伙紝涓堝か鏄涓璀﹀療錛屼絾琚鍋滆亴浜嗭紝濡誨瓙鏄涓濡╁獨濂充漢錛屾瘡澶╅兘琚涓堝か鍥氱佸湪灞嬪瓙閲岄【褰辮嚜鎬滐紝瀵傚癁騫芥ㄣ備笀澶浼氬湪鍗婂滃紑浜嗗悗闂ㄧ殑闂ㄩ攣榪涙潵錛屾嬁璧蜂袱涓鏉瀛愶紝涓涓鏉瀛愰噷鎵撹繘涓や釜楦¤泲錛屼竴楗鑰屽敖錛岀劧鍚庡啀鍠濅竴鏉鑼訛紝鍐嶇劧鍚庤窡濡誨瓙鍋氱埍錛屼粬浠閮戒笉鐪嬪規柟鐨勮劯錛屼笉鍋氭i潰鎺ヨЕ涓堝か鎶婂誨瓙褰撴硠嬈茬殑宸ュ叿錛屽誨瓙鐢氳嚦浠庢潵涓嶇潄寮鐪肩潧錛屼笉鎰夊揩鐨勫畬鎴愪換鍔$粨鏉熷伐浣滀竴鏍楓傝屽湪妤間笂鍋風ョ殑騫磋交鐢峰╂誨湪瑙傜湅榪欎竴騫曟椂鎯呬笉鑷紱佽搗鏉ワ紝嬈叉湜鍍忔棤鏁板櫖鍜鐨勮櫕瀛愶紝浠栧嶅彈鐓庣啲錛屼粬灝卞儚銆婅タ瑗塊噷鐨勭編涓戒紶璇淬閲岄偅鏃╃啛鐨勭敺瀛╀竴鏍鳳紝娌夐唹鍦ㄨ嚜宸辯殑嬈叉湜璺熷夠鎯抽噷澶達紝鍥炲懗閭e皯濡囩殑鐙鑸烇紝鎯寵薄涓庨偅灝戝囦氦嬈銆
鐢峰╂棤鎰忎腑鎷垮埌浜嗘ゼ涓嬪か濡葷殑閽ュ寵錛屽繊涓嶄綇鍦ㄤ竴涓澶滄櫄鎮勬倓鎵撳紑閭i亾紱佸繉鐨勯棬錛屼粬鎴樺參鐨勬墜鎵撳紑閿侊紝鎺ㄥ紑闂錛屾嬁璧蜂袱涓鐜葷拑鏉錛屾墦鍏ヤ袱涓楦¤泲錛屼竴鍙e悶涓嬶紝鍐嶅枬涓鏉鑼訛紝鎿︽墜錛岃蛋鍚戝簥杈癸紝鏀句笅閽ュ寵錛屽姩浣滆繛璐錛屼竴姘斿懙鎴愶紝涓嶅緪涓嶇柧鐨勬妱瓚抽偅涓涓堝か鐨勪範鎯鍔ㄤ綔錛屽啀鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ綋鐒舵槸鐢峰╄窡灝戝囧彂鐢熷叧緋伙紝鐢峰╁悓鏍蜂笉璁╁皯濡囩湅鍒頒粬鐨勮劯錛岃繖鍦烘㈠ū瀵圭敺瀛╄岃█鏄鍋鋒錛屽傚仛璐礆紱瀵瑰皯濡囪岃█鍙鏄濡傚父錛屽彧褰撲笀澶鍥炴潵錛屾瘡鏅氫緥琛屽叕浜嬬艦浜嗭紝濂逛笉鏇炬妸鐪肩潧鐫佸紑銆傝繖孌墊垙鎷嶇殑鏈夋剰鎬濓紝涓涓鐢峰╃殑妯′豢鍔涘己鎮嶇殑鎯婁漢錛屽挨鍏舵槸浠栨墦钀介浮錏嬬殑閭f碉紝姣忎釜緇嗗井鐨勫0鍝嶉兘鍏呮弧寮犲姏銆傜敺瀛╃浜屾℃潵鍒拌繖灞嬪瓙涓庡皯濡囧仛鐖辨椂錛屼簩浜烘墦浜嗙収闈錛屽緢闅懼艦瀹硅繖鐓ч潰鏄鍥犱負鎯呮劅榪樻槸鍋剁劧錛岀敺瀛╂鎳︾殑璁ら敊錛屽皯濡囧嵈鍘熻皡浜嗕粬錛屽苟涓斾翰鍚昏搗浠栨潵錛屼簬鏄浜屼漢鐨勬㈠ū鎴愪簡褰兼ょ殑鍋鋒錛屽悇鑷鐨勭佸繉錛岀敋鑷充粬浠縐拌繖鍋氱埍鎯呫