❶ 鑸掓穱鏈鎮跺績鐨勭収鐗囪╄垝娣囬毦鍫浠涔堢収鐗囧憿錛
鎴戜滑閮界煡閬擄紝鑸掓穱鍒氬嚭閬撶殑鏃跺欙紝閮芥槸闈犱竴浜涢檺鍒剁駭鐨勭數褰變互鍙婂箍鍛婂嚭鍚嶇殑銆傝岀幇鍦ㄥ逛簬鑸掓穱鏉ヨ達紝鑸掓穱鏈鎮跺績鐨勭収鐗囪╄垝娣囪夊緱寰堥毦鍫錛岃垝娣囩殑姣嶄翰涔熻〃紺哄緢鍙椾笉浜嗛偅浜涚収鐗囥
銆銆鑸掓穱鏈鎮跺績鐨勭収鐗囪╄垝娣囬毦鍫
鑸掓穱涓嶉泤鐓
銆銆鑸掓穱鎷誇簡褰卞悗涔嬪悗縐拌佹妸鑴辨帀鐨勮。鏈嶉兘絀垮洖鏉,浠庤壋鏄熷埌瀹炲姏媧炬紨鍛,鑸掓穱鍙璋撴槸鍦ㄩ獋澹頒腑璧板悜杈夌厡銆備笉榪囨庝箞閮芥敼鍙樹笉浜嗗ス鏇炬槸鑹蟲槦鐨勯粦鍘嗗彶,琛f湇鍙浠ョ┛鍥炴潵,褰撳勾鎷嶇殑涓夌駭鐗囧拰鑹崇収鍙閿姣佷笉浜嗐
銆銆鑸掓穱鏈鏃╂湡涓嶉泤鐓х墖鏇濆厜
銆銆鍥炲繂閭f典笉鍏夊僵鐨勮繃鍘伙紝鑸掓穱鐢ㄦ倲鎮ㄧ殑鐪兼唱涓庝笉鎳備簨鏉ュ艦瀹癸紝鍥犻偅孌電粡鍘嗘儴閬榛庢槑鎶涘純銆傝繎鏃ワ紝鑸掓穱鏃╂湡涓嶉泤鐓х墖鍏甯冪綉緇滐紝鑸掓穱涓姘斾箣涓嬫掓墖寰鍗氬紩濯掍綋鍥磋傘傝拌呬簡瑙e埌錛90騫翠唬涓鏈燂紝50澶氬瞾鐨鏌淇婇泟浠ユā鐗圭殑鍚嶄箟絳句笅鑸掓穱錛屼箣鍚庝負鍏舵媿鎽勫叚閮ㄧ數褰憋紝浣嗕粎鏀浠鍙板竵10涓囧厓鐨勮柂閰錛岃屼箣鍚庢洿鑷璧勬媿鎽勪竴閮ㄥ悕涓銆婄伒涓庢層鐨勭數褰憋紝璇ョ數褰變腑鑸掓穱闇蹭袱鐐癸紝鑰屾煰淇婇泟鑷韜鍒欏嚭婕旂敺涓昏掋傚彿縐拌佹妸鏇劇粡鑴卞幓鐨勮。鏈嶄竴浠朵歡絀垮洖鏉ョ殑鑸掓穱錛屼篃璇佸疄浜嗚嚜宸辯殑璇鴻█錛屾棭灝辨ュ叆涓綰垮コ鏄熼槦浼嶃
❷ 鑸掓穱榛戝巻鍙蹭竴鍫嗭紝鍑鍟ヨ繕鑳芥礂鐧藉彉韜褰卞悗錛屽珌緇欏啹寰蜂雞錛
榛勬袱瀵兼紨鐨勩婁竴鍑哄ソ鎴忋嬮噸娓╋紝鏈鏉ユ槸鍐茬潃鍋跺儚榛勬袱鍘葷殑錛岀粨鏋滀簩鍒蜂粛鐒惰鑸掓穱鐨勭編榪峰埌銆
榪欓儴鐢靛獎鐨勭湅鐐瑰叾瀹炲緢澶氾紝鑰屼笖閲岄潰鐨勬紨鍛橀兘鏄涓浜涚壒鍒鏈夊瓨鍦ㄦ劅鐨勪漢錛岃佹垙楠ㄤ簬鍜屼紵鐜嬭繀錛屾寫鎴樹笉鍙鑳界殑寮犺壓鍏達紝榪樻湁寰愬償鍜岀帇瀹濆己錛屽彲鍋忓嚲錛岃垝娣囧湪榪欎簺浜哄叾涓錛屽瓨鍦ㄦ劅涓鐩村緢寮恆
鎴戣板緱涔嬪墠鐪嬨婁吉瑁呰呫嬬殑鏃跺欙紝鉶界劧閭i儴鍓ф槸鐧捐姳榻愭斁錛屽嚑涔庢瘡涓婕斿憳閮借╂垜浠鐪嬪埌浜嗕粬浠鐨勪寒鐐癸紝浣嗗敮鐙濂充富琚楠傚緱寰堟儴錛屼笉鏄鍥犱負濂逛笉澶熺編錛岃屾槸鍥犱負濂圭殑婕旀妧鍜屾皵璐錛岃窡銆婁吉瑁呰呫嬫暣浣撴墦鐨勬按騫沖畬鍏ㄦ惌涓嶄笂銆
濡傛灉鏈変漢鐪嬭繃銆婁吉瑁呰呫嬶紝搴旇ヨ兘鏄庣櫧鎴戣寸殑浠涔堟剰鎬濓紝鐩鎬俊寰堝氫漢璺熸垜鐨勬兂娉曟槸涓嶈皨鑰屽悎鐨勩
鎵浠ユ垜璇磋垝娣囩湡鐨勫緢鍘夊籌紝鍥犱負涓嶈烘妸濂規斁鍦ㄤ竴涓浠涔堟牱鐨勭幆澧冧腑錛屽ス鎬昏兘鎵懼埌鑷宸辯殑浣嶇疆錛屽苟涓旈棯闂鍙戝厜銆
鍦ㄨ垝娣囪韓涓婏紝浣犺兘澶熺湅鍒頒竴縐嶁滅獔紿曞皯濂崇緸錛屽瞾鏈堟棤蹇ф剚鈥濈殑緹庛傛竻婢堢殑鐪肩烇紝媧掕劚鐨勫Ι濯氾紝鑷鍦ㄧ殑鐏靛姩錛屼笉鐭鎻夐犱綔鐨勭伒欖傘
鏃跺厜瀵瑰ぇ澶氭暟浜哄埢鍚勶紝鍞鐙瀵瑰ス鍋忕埍銆
鐜板湪鐨勫ス錛屾槸寰堝氫漢蹇冪洰涓鐨勫コ紲烇紝鉶界劧榪樻槸鏈変漢鎷垮ス褰撳勾鎷嶄笁綰х墖鍑洪亾鐨勪簨鎯呴獋濂癸紝浣嗘垜浠鐭ラ亾錛屾浘緇忛偅涓闄峰湪娉ユ碁閲岀殑浜猴紝浠婂ぉ宸茬粡瀹屽叏絝欒搗鏉ヤ簡銆備笉浠呭傛わ紝濂硅繕鏀惰幏浜嗕簨涓氬拰鐖辨儏鐨勫弻涓版敹銆
璋㈤渾閿嬭磋繃錛岃垝娣囨槸鍞涓璁╀粬鎰挎剰鑺遍挶鍘葷湅濂圭數褰辯殑濂蟲紨鍛樸傛彁璧瘋垝娣囷紝浼間箮鍐嶄篃娌℃湁鍝涓濂充漢鐨勪漢鐢熸瘮濂規洿涓哄弽杞銆
1976騫達紝鑸掓穱鍑虹敓浜庡彴婀劇渷鏂板寳甯傦紝騫煎勾鏃剁殑濂癸紝鏈夎繃鏋佸叾鐙肩媹鐨勭粡鍘嗐
姣嶄翰鐢熶笅濂規椂鎵18宀侊紝鑷宸遍兘榪樻病鏈夐暱澶э紝鍙堟庢噦寰楁暀鑲插╁瓙鍛錛屾墍浠ュ湪鑸掓穱鐨勭ュ勾閲岋紝鏈夌殑鍙鏄鍜屾瘝浜蹭笉鏂鐨勫啿紿佸拰浜夋墽銆
鍐灝忓垰鏇捐繖鏍瘋瘎浠瘋垝娣囷細
濂瑰凡緇忔噦寰楃敤鏅烘収鍘繪參鎱㈡貳鍖栭偅浜涚己鎲撅紝鎶婂厜褰╃殑銆侀槼鍏夌殑閭d竴闈㈠睍紺虹粰鍠滄㈢殑浜猴紝鑰屼笉鏄姝繪葷籂緇撶潃榪囧幓涓嶆斁銆
鏈変漢闂鑸掓穱榪欐牱鐨勮壋鏄熸庝箞鑳介厤寰椾笂鍐寰蜂雞錛屽叾瀹炴垜鎯寵寸殑鏄錛
榪欎釜涓栫晫涓婃湁鐫鏃犳暟鐨勬棤濂堜笌璇辨儜錛屾湁鐨勪漢嫻佽繛浜庨庢湀錛岃屾湁鐨勪漢錛屽嵈鑳芥竻閱掑湴璁よ瘑鍒拌嚜宸憋紝灝卞儚鑸掓穱錛屽ス浠庢潵娌℃湁鍚﹁よ繃鑷宸辯殑榪囧幓錛屼絾濂逛竴鐩村湪鍔鍔涘湴濂藉ソ鐢熸椿銆
瀵逛簬鑸掓穱鏉ヨ達紝浠庡皬鏄涓嶆槸鍏涓誨懡騫朵笉閲嶈侊紝閲嶈佺殑鏄姘歌繙鎬鎻fⅵ鎯籌紝楂樺害鑷寰嬶紝浠ユ父鎴忕殑蹇冩侊紝璁╄嚜宸辨椿鎴愪竴杈堝瓙灞炰簬鑷宸辯殑濂崇帇銆
❸ 鑸掓穱鏃╂湡鐢靛獎鎬庝箞鍥炰簨 鐏典笌嬈茶璁や負鍜岀敺涓誨亣鎴忕湡鍋
鑸掓穱鍦ㄤ漢浠蹇冧腑鍏跺疄鏄涓涓鑹蟲槦錛屾渶榪戝湪濞變箰鍦堜腑涓鐩村湪澶歌禐濂規湰浜烘庢牱濂界湅錛屾紨鎶鎬庢牱濂斤紝浣嗘槸浜轟滑瀵逛簬濂圭殑榪囧幓璁や負寰堜笉鍫錛屽叾瀹炲緢灝戞湁浠涔堣壋鏄熷彲浠ュ儚鑸掓穱涓鏍鋒礂鐧借繖鏍峰交搴曪紝鑰屼笖鏄鏀瑰ご鎹㈤潰榪欐牱褰誨簳錛屾瘯絝熷湪榪囧幓濂圭殑鐢靛獎鎬繪槸闇茬殑闈炲父鏄庢樉錛岀綉鍙嬩篃鏄濂藉囪垝娣囨棭鏈熺數褰辨庝箞鍥炰簨鍛錛熶篃鏄鍥犱負鏃╂湡鐢靛獎琚浜轟滑璇翠笁閬撳洓錛屼護濂瑰彂灞曞彈鍒頒簡闄愬埗錛
鍦ㄨ垝娣囩殑鍙戝睍涓鉶界劧鏄鍜屾儏鐖辨湁鍏崇郴錛屼絾鏄鏇村氭槸涓轟簡鐢熸椿鎵嶈繖鏍鳳紝濂瑰洜涓轟笁鐢靛獎鎰熸儏涓鐩存槸鍙楀埌浜嗘尗鎶橈紝浠ゅス鍦ㄨ繖鏍蜂竴涓騫寸邯緇撳氾紝榪樻槸鍜岃嚜宸辮佹媴褰鍐寰蜂雞錛屽湪緇撳氫箣鍚庤垝娣囬潪甯稿繖紕岋紝琚璁や負紱誨氾紝鍏跺疄鍦ㄧ粨濠氫箣鍚庡ス鏀瑰彉浜嗗緢澶氾紝鍥犱負騫撮緞鐨勭紭鏁呭艱嚧鑸掓穱鍙樹簡寰堝氾紝閫氳繃緇撳氫護濂規垚鍔熸礂鐧斤紝鎵浠ヨ村湪榪囧幓鐨勫ス鍥犱負涓夌數褰卞彈鍒頒簡澶澶氶檺鍒訛紒