⑴ 鍙跺瓙妤ｅ拰濂圭殑鐖辨儏鐢靛獎
鍦80騫翠唬鏈鑷90騫翠唬鍒濈殑棣欐腐鐢靛獎鐣岋紝鍙跺瓙妤ｈ繖涓鍚嶅瓧涓庢ф劅涓庣埍鎯呯數褰辯揣瀵嗙浉榪烇紝濂逛互鍏剁嫭鐗圭殑欖呭姏鎴愪負浜嗛偅涓鏃朵唬鐨勬ф劅濂崇炪傚嚭鐢熶簬1966騫寸殑鍙惰嫃緹わ紝姣曚笟鍚庝簬1985騫撮氳繃浜氳嗚緇冪彮鍑洪亾錛岃櫧鐒舵棭鏈熺殑鍓ч泦璁╁ス鏈夋墍縐緔錛屼絾鐪熸ｈ╁ス澹板悕楣婅搗鐨勬槸闅忓悗鐨勭埍鎯呯數褰辨紨鍑恆
1990騫寸殑銆婅亰鏂嬭壋璋銆嬫槸鍙跺瓙妤ｇ埍鎯呯數褰變簨涓氱殑璧風偣錛屽ス涓庢枃緔犮佸伐鐬蟲枊鍏卞悓楗版紨鐙愮嫺綺句笁濮愬癸紝鍏朵腑鍗曠珛鏂囬グ婕旂殑鐢蜂富鍦ㄤ笌濂逛滑鐨勭籂钁涗腑浣撻獙浜嗕竴孌電炴涓庣埍鎯呬氦緇囩殑濂囧欐棶紼嬨傜數褰辯敱钄℃緶鐩戝埗錛屾敼緙栬嚜緇忓吀銆婅亰鏂嬨嬫晠浜嬶紝灝界″墽鎯呯畝媧侊紝浣嗗嚟鍊熷吀闆呯殑甯冩櫙涓庣簿緇嗙殑緇嗚妭錛屽畠鎴愪負浜嗛欐腐鍙よ呯炴綾葷埍鎯呯數褰辯殑鍏歌寖涔嬩竴銆傚彾瀛愭ィ楗版紨鐨勪簩濡逛釜鎬у垇錏錛屽ス鐨勬ф劅鍦ㄥ墽涓閫氳繃涓鍦轟笌宸ョ灣鏂嬬殑姘存睜鎴忔按鎴忎喚灞曠幇寰楁穻婕撳敖鑷達紝灝界′笌鍏朵粬涓や綅濂充富鐨勫ぇ鑳嗗夌尞鐩告瘮紼嶆樉淇濆畧錛屼絾濂圭殑欖呭姏渚濈劧鐙鏍戜竴甯溿
鍦ㄣ婁粖澶滀笉璁鵑槻銆嬭妭鐩涓錛岃敗婢溿佸鍖″拰榛勬簿涓変漢閭璇蜂簡銆婅亰鏂嬭壋璋銆嬪墽緇勬垚鍛橈紝鍖呮嫭鍙跺瓙妤ｅ拰鏂囩礌錛岃繘琛屼簡涓鍦鴻交鏉炬剦蹇鐨勮胯皥銆傝妭鐩涓錛屼粬浠鍥寸粫鐢靛獎涓鐨勬ф劅璇濋樺睍寮璁ㄨ猴紝鍙跺瓙妤ｄ互濂圭殑鍚钃勪笌欖呭姏寮曚漢娉ㄧ洰銆傚悓騫達紝鍙跺瓙妤ｅ嚭婕旂殑銆婂コ鏈烘頒漢銆嬪垯灝嗙戝夠鍏冪礌涓庡姩浣溿佽﹀尓銆佹灙鎴樿瀺鍚堬紝濉戦犱簡涓涓涓庝紬涓嶅悓鐨勫コ鏈烘頒漢褰㈣薄錛屽ス鐨勫姩浣滄垙鍜屽湪澶辮凍濡囧コ瑙掕壊涓鐨勮〃婕旓紝涓虹數褰卞炶壊涓嶅皯銆
1991騫寸殑銆婄帀钂插洟涔嬪伔鎯呭疂閴淬嬪拰銆婇湠濮愩嬩袱閮ㄤ綔鍝佷腑錛屽彾瀛愭ィ鍒嗗埆楗版紨浜嗛欑帀鍜岄湠濮愶紝濂圭殑婕旀妧鍦ㄨ繖涓ら儴褰辯墖涓寰楀埌浜嗗厖鍒嗗睍鐜般傘婄帀钂插洟銆嬩腑鐨勯欑帀瑙掕壊浠庢柊濠氱殑緹炴訂鍒板爼钀界殑鎸ｆ墡錛屽啀鍒版盪妗跺ぇ鎴樼殑楂樻疆錛屽彾瀛愭ィ鐨勮〃婕斿厖婊′簡灞傛℃劅銆傝屻婇湠濮愩嬪垯鎻紺轟簡濞變箰琛屼笟搴曞眰浜虹墿鐨勮緵閰鎬笌鍧氶煣錛屽彾瀛愭ィ鐨勬紨鎶璁╀漢鍗拌薄娣卞埢錛屽ス璇佹槑浜嗘ф劅涓庢紨鎶鐨勫畬緹庣粨鍚堛
鍦ㄣ婃儏鍦ｃ嬩腑錛屽彾瀛愭ィ緇х畫灞曠ず濂圭殑鎬ф劅欖呭姏錛屽敖綆¤繖閮ㄧ數褰辨洿澶氱殑鏄浠ユ悶絎戣岄潪鐖辨儏涓轟富錛屼絾濂圭殑褰㈣薄渚濈劧娣卞叆浜哄績銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍙跺瓙妤ｇ殑婕旇壓鐢熸動騫墮潪鍙鏈夐摱騫曚笂鐨勯庡厜錛岀幇瀹炵敓媧諱腑錛屽ス閫夋嫨閫闅愶紝涓庢亱浜哄叡搴﹀瞾鏈堬紝鐒惰岃繖孌墊劅鎯呭苟鏈鎸佷箙錛岀敺鍙嬬殑紱諱笘浠や漢鎯嬫儨銆
鍙跺瓙妤ｇ殑鏁呬簨錛屾ｅ傚ス鎵濉戦犵殑瑙掕壊錛屾棦鍏呮弧浜嗘ф劅涓庢縺鎯咃紝涔熻暣鍚鐫浜虹敓鐨勮搗浼忎笌鏃犲堛傚ス鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鎴愪負浜嗛偅涓鏃朵唬棣欐腐鐢靛獎涓涓孌典笉鍙紓ㄧ伃鐨勮板繂銆傚傛灉浣犲瑰ス鐨勬晠浜嬫劅鍏磋叮錛屼笉濡ㄨ繘涓姝ユ帰緔㈣繖浣嶆嘗闇稿コ紲炶儗鍚庣殑鑹烘湳涓栫晫錛屾洿澶氱粡鍏哥數褰辯瓑寰呯潃浣犵殑鍙戠幇銆